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[第33讲]驱动程序IO口(3): Linux内核把驱动程序划分为3种类型：字符设备、块设备和网络设备。在uClinux 内核编写驱动程序并不像其他操作系统那么复杂,实际上,所要做的只是为相应的设备编写几个基本函数并向VFS(virtual file system)注册即可。当上层应用要使用该设备时,VFS 就会调用相应的设备函数。设备驱动程序通常可归为以下3 类:a) 块设备(block) ,以块为单位,允许随机访问,多用缓存技术；b) 字符设备(char) ,以字节为单位,只能按顺序访问,不用缓存；c) 网络接口(net) 。

[第32讲]驱动程序IO口(2): Linux内核把驱动程序划分为3种类型：字符设备、块设备和网络设备。在uClinux 内核编写驱动程序并不像其他操作系统那么复杂,实际上,所要做的只是为相应的设备编写几个基本函数并向VFS(virtual file system)注册即可。当上层应用要使用该设备时,VFS 就会调用相应的设备函数。设备驱动程序通常可归为以下3 类:a) 块设备(block) ,以块为单位,允许随机访问,多用缓存技术；b) 字符设备(char) ,以字节为单位,只能按顺序访问,不用缓存；c) 网络接口(net) 。

[第31讲]驱动程序IO口(1): Linux内核把驱动程序划分为3种类型：字符设备、块设备和网络设备。在uClinux 内核编写驱动程序并不像其他操作系统那么复杂,实际上,所要做的只是为相应的设备编写几个基本函数并向VFS(virtual file system)注册即可。当上层应用要使用该设备时,VFS 就会调用相应的设备函数。设备驱动程序通常可归为以下3 类:a) 块设备(block) ,以块为单位,允许随机访问,多用缓存技术；b) 字符设备(char) ,以字节为单位,只能按顺序访问,不用缓存；c) 网络接口(net) 。

立体鼹鼠机—吸引人的可编程机器人系统: 立体鼹鼠机在不久的将来会在技术培训中发挥重要的作用。这些备有电脑芯片的立方体可以紧密接连接在一起。鼹鼠机之间可以相互沟通交流。能量和信号从一个立体鼹鼠机传递给下一个，这样也保证了能量的供应以及信号的传递。年轻人可以用这种机器给自己制造的机器人编程。Molecubes – an attractive programmable robotics system Molecubes could play a significant role in technical training in the near future. These cubes, fitted with computer chips, can be successively attached to each other. Each Molecube communicates with all the other cubes; the energy supply and transmission of signals from one Molecube to the next are thereby ensured. Young people can use the Molecubes to build and program their own robots.

iFab——3D 印刷技术: 3D印刷？听起来好像是未来的一个愿景与快速原型法一直存在于工业生产中。由于iFab技术，在客厅就能将自己的产品印出来这中以前不可能实现的想法现在已经逐渐成为现实。无论是塑料制品或者巧克力，iFab都可以将各种材料印出来。iFab 3D printing Printing in three dimensions? What sounds like a vision of the future has long been industrial reality with rapid prototyping. The previously unattainable dream of being able to print ones own products in the living-room has come much closer to realisation thanks to iFab. Whether it be plastics or chocolate, iFab can process the most diverse of materials.

带有鳍形夹具的仿生三角架—多方位运动和自动抓取: 仿生三角架利用了自然界中鱼鳍的结构，首次将三维空间应用到空中企鹅和水下企鹅项目中，以便实现高效和多方位的自动化。三个可扩展伸缩的金丝玻璃纤维杆降低了需要被替换的量，同时允许最大90度的运动。BionicTripod with FinGripper versatile movement and adaptive grasping The BionicTripod makes use of the bionic Fin Ray® structure, which was transferred to three-dimensional space for the first time in the AirPenguin and AquaPenguin projects for efficient, versatile automation. Three extendible and retractable filigree fibreglass rods reduce the mass to be displaced, while allowing a maximum scope of movement of up to 90 degrees.

[第19讲]USB主从设备(2): 主机向设备循环发出GetDescriptor(Configuration)请求，以取得其全部配置信息（其个数由设备描述符bNumConfiguration字段指出），包括配置描述符、接口描述符、端点描述符以及各种设备类定义描述符和供应商自定义描述符等。

NI CompactDAQ—简单易用的USB数据采集系统: NI CompactDAQ集合USB设备检测,内置信号调理，直接传感器连接，热插拔模块,自动模块配置等所有功能于一个小型平台,形成了一个简单易用的、完整的数据采集系统。即刻观看NI CompactRIO介绍在线研讨会。

空中企鹅AirPenguin_Festo仿生技术: airPenguin –空中企鹅——自动飞翔的机器企鹅. 随着空中企鹅的问世， Festo公司的工程师们创造了人造企鹅，并教会他们“在空中自主飞行”。为此，控制和调节技术进一步发展成自我调节生物机电一体化系统，该系统可以在今后的生产适应性发挥作用。一组3只自动飞行的企鹅自由盘旋在空中超声发射站监控下的固定区域。企鹅能够自由的在这个空间内移动，因为一个微控制器赋予了他们自由的意志来以开拓这片空间。 autonomously flying robotic penguins With the AirPenguins, the engineers from Festo have created artificial penguins and have taught them "autonomous flight in the sea of air". For this purpose, control and regulating technology had to be further developed into self-regulating biomechatronic systems, which could also play a future role in adaptive production. A group of three autonomously flying penguins hovers freely through a defined air space that is monitored by ultrasound transmission stations. The penguins are at liberty to move within this space; a microcontroller gives them free will in order to explore it.

水下企鹅AquaPenguins_Festo仿生技术: 水下企鹅- 技术-水下自动运载工具AquaPenguins - technology-bearers as autonomous underwater vehicle.与它自然界的原型一样，来自费斯托（Festo）公司的水下企鹅具有一个带水动力的身体轮廓。其优雅的推进力以及其可向各个方向移动的机翼头部和尾部，让机器人企鹅可以在狭窄的空间条件下自由穿行，并且在必要时及时出现甚至可以向后游——这一点可不像它们的自然界的原型。仿生企鹅设计成水下自动运载工具，可以自由定位并且可在水池中穿行。这种工具有一个3D的海豚音声纳系统，使得“企鹅”可以与周围的伙伴们交流，比如避免互相碰撞。Like its natural archetype, the AquaPenguin from Festo has a hydrodynamic body contour. Its elegant wing propulsion and its head and tail sections, which can be moved in all directions, allow the robotic penguins to manoeuvre in cramped spatial conditions, to turn on the spot when necessary and – unlike their biological counterparts – even to swim backwards. The bionic Penguins are designed as autonomous underwater vehicles that independently orient themselves and navigate through the water basin. They are supported by a 3D sonar system which, as with dolphins, allows communication with their surroundings and with other robotic penguins – for example to avoid collisions.